含乳饮料的现况及相关标准

文章简要介绍了含乳饮料的发展现况,包括国内外相关标准、含乳饮料行业中存在的问题和一些建议。     

透过“三鹿奶粉事件”看企业社会责任

奶粉是食品企业特殊的生产行业,直接影响着消费者的身体健康和生命安全,甚至在一定程度上影响到社会的稳定。企业是食品安全的责任人,对消费者要承担起社会责任。本文分析了食品企业社会责任缺失的原因,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

Organic labelling,private label,and U.S. household demand for fluid milk

The U.S. fluid milk market has been experiencing two trends in the recent decade: the fast growth of private label milk and organic milk. Using the data from Nielsen Homescan Panel, we estimate a censored demand system to study the demand relations among types of milk differentiated by brand types and organic status. We find that sociodemographic factors still play important roles in household choice of milk types, and fluid milk, as a whole, is an inferior good. Moreover, as income increases, households are more likely to shift from buying conventional milk to organic milk and from private label conventional milk to branded conventional milk, as indicated by the asymmetric cross price elasticities. Corresponding implications for milk producers and marketers are discussed.     

A tale of two Italian cities: brand-level milk demand and price competition

We apply the BLP random coefficient logit model demand model to fluid milk sales data from two north-south Italian cities: Turin and Naples. By virtue of their location and socioeconomic differences, these cities provide a natural experiment for contrasting consumer choices and retail market power related to milk physical and marketing characteristics. Results reveal that, regardless of location, consumers negatively value price increases, fat content and ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment. However, location matters with respect to brand and type of milk purchased. While in Turin (the higher-income region) demand for the leading manufacturers’ brands is the most price inelastic, in Naples consumers have the lowest price elasticities in case of cheaper milk, often small manufacturer or private label brands. Unlike previous studies, we do not find price elasticities for private labels to be consistently lower (or markups to be higher) compared to manufacturer brands, indicating that private labels have reached maturity in these markets. Further, while demand for fresh milk is more price inelastic in Turin, it is more inelastic for UHT milk in Naples. Likewise, markups and Lerner indexes are higher for fresh milk in Turin and for UHT in Naples corresponding to the more inelastic demands under Bertrand price competition.     

网红奶茶店市场调查与营销策略分析

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,奶茶行业竞争激烈,各种品牌奶茶店随处可见。面对越来越激烈的市场竞争,在这种形势下,奶茶业迫切需要转换运营与服务思路。因此,本文通过文献梳理和问卷调查的方式,分析了影响奶茶消费者购买意愿的主要因素,剖析了网红奶茶店流行的因素及营销手段。本研究对奶茶行业的发展提供有益的支持和指导。     

婴幼儿配方食品中标准物质的研究进展

婴幼儿配方食品的检测是保障其质量安全的重要组成部分。婴幼儿配方食品基体标准物质的研制是保证定量检测结果准确性和溯源性的重要物质基础。本文综述了国内外婴幼儿配方食品、奶粉中标准物质的种类和定值技术。我国婴幼儿配方食品、奶粉中脂肪酸等多组分、多量值标准物质的研制与发达国家仍存在一些差距。     

Properties and the predictive power of implied volatility in the New Zealand dairy market

This study develops a dairy implied volatility index (DVIX), derived from New Zealand Exchange traded options on whole milk powder (WMP) futures. We document an inverse return–volatility relation which is asymmetric, where increases in WMP futures prices are associated with larger absolute changes in the DVIX than decreases. In sample, the results strongly suggest that the DVIX has a high information content regarding conditional variance and that the inclusion of historical information further improves the predictive power. Out of sample, we find that the DVIX provides substantial information about future realized volatility. We also document that a combination of historical volatility and the DVIX provides the best out-of-sample forecasts.     

Pasture-Raised Milk: The Market for a Differentiated Product

Pasture-raised (PR) milk is a specialty product that could feasibly be produced by economically challenged dairy farms. Our goal was to profile the milk market using an internet survey to identify potential future consumers of PR milk. There were 611 U.S. respondents that were divided into three categories as types of milk consumers: those who only purchased conventional milk in the past year (CONV), those who only purchased non-conventional milk (such as organic, PR, or natural milk) in the past year (NONCONV), and those who purchased both conventional and non-conventional milk in the past year (MIXED). MIXED and NONCONV agreed or strongly agreed with PR milk benefits substantially more than CONV. PR milk was also valued by NONCONV and MIXED in purchasing intentions, but not nearly as much as organic milk. In addition, CONV valued PR milk in purchasing intentions more than organic milk. Results suggest that PR milk can be successfully positioned to appeal to MIXED and perhaps some CONV, potentially increasing sales or market share.     

A milk collection problem with blending

A milk collection problem with blending is introduced. A firm collects milk from farms, and each farm produces one out of three possible qualities of milk. The revenue increases with quality, and there is a minimum requirement at the plant for each quality. Different qualities of milk can be blended in the trucks, reducing revenues, but also transportation costs, resulting in higher profit. A mixed integer-programming model, a new cut, and a branch-and-cut algorithm are proposed to solve medium-sized instances. A three-stage heuristic is designed for large instances. Computational experience for test instances and a large-sized real case is presented.     

Consumer Behavior Toward Goat Milk and Its Processed Products in Malang,Indonesia

The study was carried out in Malang East Java, Indonesia. The purpose was to investigate how consumers behave with regard to fresh goat milk or its processed products and to examine determinants that influence this behavior. One hundred respondents were selected using a convenience sampling method and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze consumer behavior toward fresh goat milk or its processed products. This study could contribute to a better understanding of consumers' demand toward this food. Consumers often purchased fresh goat milk or its processed products whereas only a small number rarely bought this food. Consumers frequently demanded fresh goat milk or its processed products as they had more family members and perceived the importance of the availability, many choices, and the affordable price of this food. On the contrary, consumers with high education and concern about the importance of income, the existence of cow milk and its product, and consumers' perception about fresh goat milk and its processed products as special foods might seldom purchase these foods.